Long sunny days, outdoor events and family vacations are some of the best parts of summer. But as temperatures climb, so does the risk of heat-related illness. Extreme heat can affect anyone, but older adults, young children, people with chronic medical conditions, outdoor workers and those who spend long periods in the sun are especially vulnerable. 

Heat-related illnesses occur when the body can no longer cool itself effectively. Sweating is the body's natural way of regulating temperature, but prolonged exposure to heat and humidity can overwhelm this process. The result can range from dehydration and heat exhaustion to heat stroke, a life-threatening medical emergency. 

Recognize the warning signs 

One of the most common heat-related illnesses is heat exhaustion. Symptoms can develop quickly and should never be ignored. 

Signs of heat exhaustion 

• Heavy sweating 

• Dizziness or lightheadedness 

• Fatigue or weakness 

• Headache 

• Nausea or vomiting 

• Muscle cramps 

• Fainting 

• Cool, pale or clammy skin 

• Rapid pulse 

If you or someone around you experiences these symptoms, move to a cool location, rest, drink water and begin cooling down. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or do not improve within an hour. 

Heat stroke is a medical emergency

Heat stroke is the most serious heat-related illness and requires immediate treatment. Without prompt medical attention, it can lead to permanent disability or even death. 

Signs of heat stroke

• Confusion or altered mental status 

• Slurred speech 

• High body temperature 

• Hot, red skin 

• Seizures 

• Loss of consciousness 

• Rapid, strong pulse 

• Severe headache 

If you suspect heat stroke, call 911 right away. While waiting for emergency responders, move the person to a cooler area and begin cooling measures such as applying cool cloths, fanning them or using cold water when available. 

How to protect yourself during hot weather 

The good news is that most heat-related illnesses are preventable. A few simple precautions can go a long way toward keeping you safe during the summer months. 

Heat safety tips 

• Drink water regularly, even if you don't feel thirsty. 

• Add electrolytes to your water. 

• Limit outdoor activities during the hottest part of the day, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. 

• Wear lightweight, loose-fitting and light-colored clothing. 

• Take frequent breaks in the shade or air conditioning. 

• Check on older adults, neighbors and family members who may be more susceptible to heat. 

• Never leave children or pets in a parked vehicle. 

• Limit caffeine and alcohol, which can contribute to dehydration. 

When to seek care 

While mild heat-related symptoms often improve with rest, hydration and cooling, it's important to know when professional medical care is needed. Seek medical attention if symptoms of heat exhaustion become severe, do not improve with cooling measures or continue for more than an hour. If heat stroke is suspected, call 911 immediately. 

Early recognition and treatment can help prevent serious complications and keep you and your family safe all summer long. 

For more health and wellness tips, talk with your primary care provider or visit WellSpan.org/GetCareNow.